Internal-combustion engine.



C. G. SPRADO. INTERNAL comausnom ENGINE.

APPLICATSON FlLED NOV. 4. 1916.

1,279,775. Patented Sept. 24, 1918.

q e smna, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, essreivonro i j I mncrunme COMPANY, or MILWAUKEE, wisco'ns'rmn compne'rronl A Application fi1edNovember4, 1916. Serial at. 129,961.

all concern: lBe it k'now'n' that I, CARL G. Srnnno, a a c tizen of jthe United States, residing at Mil- 'Waukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State fo'f Wisc6nsin,'have invented a certain useful Improvement in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the follow- P s a speci icat n- [This "invention relates generally to improvementsjinthe construction of internal. combustion .engines' and relates more specifical l'y te'improvementsin the construction andjjarrangement of the valves of such eng l e bjectgo'f the invention is to provide an.. in t'ernal combustion engine valve arrangement which is simple in construction and efficient in operation. Another object isto provide a compact and readily accessible. arrangement of fuelinlet valves for in-' ternal. combustion-1 engines. A further I objfec't 'is to provide ,an eiiicient arrangement of fueland injection-lair ports. Still another objectis to provide details of valve construction] and of ivalvexoperating mechanism, which will reduce to'a minimum the cost of construction and of.maintenance. ""The present invention consists primarily 7 in-:providingtwo or more co-axial injection- 80 air and fuel inletvalves, preferably located the one Within the other. These valves are v adapted to. control thefiow of fluids through concentric ports to a common mixing. passage; from which-. a-.;mi-Xture of the fluids is is delivered to the. engine. I

- A clear conception of an; embodiment of the invention may he had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a pant oftthisspecification, in which like ref- 40 si ned-characters designate the same or similargparts intheyarious views. @Eigure 1; a transverse vertical section 1; throughithe injection jair. and... fuel inlet va v smf enterna e mbnstion en i e,- showiiig the valves applied to a fragment-oi; the-en wv ie en a t F g Jen e l vert eeL sect through the valves fand valve casing, thesection being taken alongthe l ne" of; F g 1 l ek ng. in the .Ofthe are. row. 3 1.

; W i hQ JW- ifi i is. fl s lo ed s'apr i 41;; to the injecticn air and fuel-rulet va'lves of anoil engine itistobelmder- ETERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

the cylinder end ofthevvalve 6,-th

Patente stood that it is not ,desiredtq limlt the. u co of the invention by such disclosnre The fuel 'njection-.,.casing 2 is provlded;

with a central through-passage; and isqfittedl into a bore in the end of-the engine cylinden 1. The cylinder 'l is providedwith the usual. nlet and exhaust valves 3,4; through which air is delivered to and; exhaustggasesq ,are discharged-from the combustion chamberfi q Within the through-passage. the, casing 2.

is located an injection-airinletflalVefi'prog 6b vided with a through-passagedl; Thevalve 6 is reciprocable withingtlie throughvpassagei i of the casing 2 and controls aport connect-i,

ing the annular chamber 30 Minna-mixing, chamber or passage 25. The mixing mas r. 10 I sage 25 cOmmunicates Withathejcombustion chamber 5 through an-atomizing device' or 26. w. 1": U- The oil inlet valve '1 isg mount ed' ade centthe end of the through passagel-ll adjacent,l6

' oil; inlet valve being coaxial the-valv The second oil inletvalve 8 is locate'd entii'ely Within and is mounted co:axi al vith the air inlet valve 6,- -the ..,valve, ;8, being ar- JII ranged closely adjacent the valve 7 in order to reduce to a minimum .thez-spa'ce-bet vveen these valves. The oil inlet valves 7, 8 areg provided with suitablecompression springs for maintaining them ,against; .their respec u. tive seats. The injection-air,inlet valve; @iSz' provided with a te nidsvhich-engages bore in the casing end head 1 5- The outer extremity-pf the. st rnlOis con-1; nected with an actuating alarm- 12 which; is, Periodically m v t spell eini et 'on-eir valve, in the usual mannn ,Thejoint beitween the end head lk and-,the s tem lo;iis; packed y means of, an adjustable stufiing -f Theinjection-air inlet va o v normally rgedagain t. t s t- W th e; th o g Pa a e o cas n fie yee s f: a'h i a r e mprsssioex prm J41; nes eist w c a gages an end surface of the head L4: andthel opp te ndo :w i h enga esen t ur ce erm dlonlt e va ed ."Th i n s 6 the springl-Z areprovidediwith elements 18 having spherical. zone surfaces which engage imilarly gformed s urfac'es of the adjacent 10E Theivalve ided; by meane of nw rdly; extenfi n epr l i ns wh h. Q

the outer cylindrical surface of the enlarged .end of the valve 6. A compressed air inlet pipe 13 communicates with the annular chamber 30 surrounding thevalve 6,

r at apoint. adjacent theend. head 14, the end v 181. 11 being forme'd'with a' projection extending longitudinally ofthe valve stem 10 4 and forming: an annular chamber .16 from which the injection-airis delivered I in the form 'of'anannular jet into the portion of pipe 20,,i'n any suitable manner, the connec-' tion being suchas'to permit'reciprocation of the" valve 6; A washer-23; surrounds the stem 10andhas its one face in engagement with-"a nut -31 screw-threaded upon the valve stem 10. The. opposite face of the washer 23'en ages a pair 'ofball bearingsfitted in sockets in the disk 21; The disk 21 is provided 'with'a pair of sock-- 22 which are ets in the, opposite, side thereof, which-lie m a plane at right angles with'the plane of thefirst' mentioned sockets A pair of:-

ball bearings 22 lying within the second mentioned sockets of the disk 21 engage one 1 side of a'second washer 24:, the oppositeside of which engages an end surface of the valve actuatingfarm 12. I A helical compression spring 19, one end of which engages the stufling box lo and the opposite end ofjWhich engages an end'surfacc of the Washer 24, maintains coaction between Washers23, 24,,

the'disk 21 and the ball bearings 22. This arrangement of washers, disk and ball' bearings-"provides a universal cor -section between the arm 12 and the valve stem .10., which compensates for angularity of the arm 12.

During normal operation of theengme, fuel such as oil is delivered to. the mixing chamber or passage 25 from the fuel inlet pipe 20 through the bore 11 and valves 7 8. The fuel thus admitted to the mixing chainber 25 isurged through theato'mizing nozzle 26 by means of compressed air. admitted through theiinjection-air inlet valve 6. The

delivery of fuel past thevalves 7 8 is automatically accomplished by means of a. suitable pressure-producing means such -as a pump, while the delivery of compressed air past the valve 6 is,'controlled by means'of the val veactuating arm 12 which is manipu in the art. I

It-will be noted that by placing the fuel inlet valves 7, 8 within the injection-air inlet valve 6, a compact arrangement of valvesresults. This arrangement of the valves also permits concentric arrangement of the ports whereby the annular film of air delivered past thevalve 6 tends to envelop the oil deself-cleaning.

lstantially in .alinement with and in' proximity; to the atomizing'nozzle'2fi, the mixture 'of oil and air. is delivered directlytothis :cally actuated, while. the injectlon-air inlet valve is mechanicallyhctuated, ittis more desirable to:lo at e the former within the latter in order to avoid interference with efficient 1 operationofthe valves. By' locating the valves 7, 'Sclosely adjacent one'another and livered throu h the -valves 7, 8- and to thorou hly mix t erewith, The-location of the va ve 7' beyondv the seating of the valve 6 and within the chamber 25; and the'arlflng'ementof the mixing chamber 25 .in direct-communication-with both the -fuel and air valves 7, 6, grovides a structure which is y arranging :the ports subdevice, resulting in-more eflicient atomization; The arrangement of valves concentrically of each other is especially desirable when locating these valves at the side'of the engine.- cylinder, since in such arrangement the .valve' casing-must, ordinarily extend through the engine jackets-and a compact.

arrangement of valves permits utilization of the yacket space 'to a. maximum extent, for

cooling purposes. The locationof valves one within the other also permitsreadyjremoval of the valves for inspection. Asthe fuel j inlet valves are-ordinariln automatireducingto a'minimum' the volume of the space between these valves, dangerof excessive heating ofa relatively large quantity of oil due toalodgingofsolids upon the seat of the valve 17' and consequent retention of this valve in open position, is avoided,

v since only the relatively small quantity .of oil between the valves -7,,8 can be thus heated. The universal connection between the arm lz'andthe zvalve" stem-'10 as well as the elements 18 betweenthespring 17 and the ad acent structure, insure proper aline- -ment of the valve 6.

.It is-to be understood that it not desired to -be 'limited toflthe exact details of construction hereinshown and I described,

7 for obvious modifications'may' occunto a person skilled in the art.

Ittis claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent:

1. In combination, an. engine cylinder,

means providing-a mixing-chamber in open communication with said cylinder, auvalve lated in the usual manner by the valve gear. The details of the mechanism for moving I the arm 12 form no part of theprcsent invention and are well-known to those skilled for admitting fuel directly to said chamber, and a valve for admitting air to said chamher, one of saidva'lves having .a seating upon 3. In combination, an engine icylinder,

means providing a mixing chamber in open chamber through said annular air valve,

said fuel valve having a seating upon said. airvalve. v

'5; In combination, meansproviding a cy lindrical mixing chamber, a puppet injec tion air valve having a seating upon said means adjacent the wall-of said cylindrical chamber, and a fuel valve having a'seati-ng upon said air valve in advance of saidair valve seating.

6.,In' combination, an engine cylinder, means providing a mixing chamber in open communication Withsaid cylinder, means for injecting liquid fuel directly into a medial portion of said chamber, and means for injecting air into said chamber around said fuel admission means and independently thereof.

7. In combination, an air valve, anda series of spaced fuel valves having seatings' upon said air valve.

8.111 combination, an air valve having a central fuel passage, and a plurality of spaced, valves for contrcllingvtl e flow of fuel through said passage.

said opening,"'and [a secondvalve for controlling the deliverywf fuel from anend of said openin n 11.111 combination, an engine cylinder, means providing'aflnixing chamber. in open connn'unication .with said cylinder, an automatically actuated valve for admitting fuel actuated valve for admitting air to said chamber,-one of said valves having a seating upon the other;

12..In combination, an engine cylinder, 'me'ans providing a mixing chamber in open communication with said. cylinder, a mechanically actuated "valve for admitting air directly tosaid chamber, an automatically actuated valve for admitting fuel directly, to said chamber, said fuel valve having a seating uponsaid air valve, and means for periodically actuating said air valve.

In testimony whereof, the signature of the inventor is a edhereto.

' :CARL G. SPRADO.

.50 directly to said chamber, and a mechanically 

